新京报
中国国家审计署11月24日发表报告披露，中国价值2万亿元人民币的社保基金中，共有71亿元被挪用。其中在1999年前发生的23.47亿元，2000年以来发生的47.88亿元。因种种原因，部分基金至今不能收回。
新京报报导，中国国家审计署11月23日公布了对中国29个省区市、5个计划单列市的企业职工基本养老保险基金、城镇职工基本医疗保险基金和失业保险基金的审计结果。审计显示，截至2005年底，上述三项保险基金累计结余2918亿元。
从审计情况看，社保基金还有一些历史遗留问题尚未解决，有些地方未能严格执行国务院有关规定。此次审计发现的违规问题金额，在1999年前发生的23.47亿元，2000年以来发生的47.88亿元。
其具体情况是，1999年前发生的违规问题金额大多是涉及保险基金安全和完整的问题。其中动用保险基金对外投资11.48亿元；购建办公用房、职工宿舍和其他房产3.77亿元；委托金融机构贷款未收回1.89亿元；用于规定范围以外的支出1.25亿元；经商办企业0.68亿元；弥补行政经费0.33亿元和违规担保0.22亿元……
另有原行业基本养老保险统筹基金结余未移交财政专户存储等3.76亿元。当时三项保险基金财务会计制度尚不健全，一些地方出于保险基金保值、增值的需要，出借和投资了一部分基金；有些社保机构动用三项保险基金购建了办公用房或其他一些房产，既无法变现，也没有正常的资金来源归还基金。以上问题虽经有关部门查处，但因种种原因部分基金至今不能收回。
2000年以来发生的违规问题金额47.88亿元。其中，扩大三项保险基金开支范围用于弥补“补充医保基金”及借给企业等16.69亿元；用于委托金融机构贷款、对外投资等5.44亿元；用于购建办公房及弥补行政经费等0.32亿元；未按规定实行专户管理23.37亿元。
此外，审计还发现一些地方基金管理不够规范。一是社保费代征机构未按规定时间将保险基金收入16.20亿元交入专户；二是社保经办机构在决算中少计保险基金收入8.12亿元。
这次审计也发现个别地方由于保险基金管理混乱，造成损失。如河南新密市将企业职工养老保险基金637万元存入两家城市信用社，由于2002年11月信用社撤销，资金面临损失。
宁夏石嘴山市医保中心自2000年以来，会计资料管理混乱，账目不全，部分凭证缺失，该中心主任和财务科长采取截留银行承兑汇票的手法，将某企业交给医保中心的3190万元医疗保险费转移到其亲戚、朋友名下。
另外，审计还发现，有些行业主管部门存在截留社保费的问题。如建行贵州省分行与工行贵州省分行少申报缴费基数，在征得贵州省社保局的同意后，对已提取的基本养老保险费和失业保险费6422.64万元予以截留。
而云南省在景东县、永平县相继发生「社保金案」之后，近日罗平县再次发案：196万元社保金被出纳贪污，他不仅用这笔钱赌球、买彩票，甚至还包养了情妇，最终只追回60万元。但云南省劳动与社会保障厅称，这只是个例，全省近200亿社保金的管理井然有序，不会对投保人的利益带来损害。
中新网报道，审计结果表明，虽然按照国务院规定，三项保险基金应当及时足额徵缴，存入国有商业银行，纳入财政专户管理，严格按规定范围发放，专款专用；基金结余除购买国债和存入银行外，不得用于其他任何形式的投资。但一些地方未能严格执行上述规定，问题虽经有关部门查处，但因种种原因部分基金至今不能收回。
中国国务院总理温家宝22日强调，并且强调社保基金是“高压电线”，任何人都不得侵占挪用。今年8月，上海揭发挪用涉及金额高达32亿元人民币的社保基金案，上海市委书记陈良宇等一众政商界高官因此落马。但一些省市侵占挪用社保基金的问题仍然相当严重。
中国劳动和社会保障部基金监督司司长陈良介绍，目前社保基金的收支总规模已超过两万亿元。劳动和社会保障部基金监督司司长陈良认为，社保基金出现问题，首先是基金监管法规不完善。其次管理力量和手段有限。有些地区的基层甚至没有电脑，只能人工记账。
另外社保基金管理人手极少，全国基金监管人员不到一百人。如广东某市只有1个人管理着1.7万家企业的工伤保险工作。此外，有些人法制、政策观念淡漠；还有监督不到位。
香港星岛日报说，温家宝22日主持召开了国务院常务会议，讨论全国社会保险基金的管理问题。国务院常务会议则表示，社会保险基金必须切实管好用好，确保安全完整、保值增值，这是政府的责任。会议特别强调，社会保险基金是“高压线幱笥驛任何人都不得侵占挪用。
会议要求各地政府及有关部门，对审计发现的问题认真整改，侵占挪用的资金要限期归还，损失的资金要采取措施补足，违法违纪问题要一查到底，并严肃追究有关人员的责任。会议还指出，要努力完善制度，加强管理，确保全国社保基金的安全。要定期向社会公布社保基金的使用和运作情况，同时进一步研究基金保值增值的政策措施，以提高资金回报率，给民众带来更多实惠。
报导指出，上海社保基金案的爆发引发了中国一系列的社保问题。根据中国财政部一项调查发现，其实早在上海前市委书记陈良宇下台之前，全国十个省区都被查出社保金的管理存在问题且情况相当严重，由于社保金数额庞大，已变成地方政府随意挪用小金库，资产流失突出。
在上海市社保基金案曝光后，中央决策层已决心将地方社保基金的监管和运营分开，一些地方政府亦正式设立社会保障监督委员会，加强社会保险基金的监督管理。不过，有专家指这样的委员会难以独立运行，恐难起到成效。
有关社保专家指出，当前中国社保基金管理模式的主要缺陷之一，是地方政府社保部门既当监管者，又同时成为委托人、投资人和资产管理者，角色模糊不清，政企不分，容易使养老基金缺乏独立和足够的行政监管。
而上海曝光当地官商勾结大量挪用社保基金的丑闻，引发外界关注，国家审计署正在对此进行专项调查。这一案件已经导致上海市委书记陈良宇、前国家统计局长邱晓华以及上海富豪张荣坤等纷纷下马。受上海社保资金案的影响，中国暴露出上万亿的社保基金缺口。
Saturday, November 25, 2006
巨大的黑洞 中国71亿社保基金被贪污侵占挪用
Friday, November 10, 2006
Friday, November 03, 2006
10 Steps to Becoming a Great Leader
By Marty Nemko
Even if you're just a clerk, you can become a leader. A wonderful leader. Here's how:
Envision yourself as a leader in your own image. Great leaders aren't alike. They come in flavors. The naturally great speakers spend more time speaking. The brilliant strategists stay in their office strategizing. The masters of efficiency focus on making every aspect of the business hum. Before you get your first leadership position, assess yourself: What are you best and worst at? Mold your leadership style to emphasize your strengths, and plan to delegate or outsource the rest.
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Hire cleverly. No matter what flavor, leaders must hire wisely. Nothing is more important. Don't waste time placing ads--there's too much dishonesty in résumés and cover letters. Better to ask everyone you respect for solid candidates. In job interviews, don't bother asking obvious questions such as "What is your greatest strength and weakness?" It's easy to prepare smart answers to those. Instead, simulate tasks the candidate will do on the job, then grade his or her performance. When you're down to a few finalists, ask each for 10 references. Call them at night, when you know they won't be in the office. Leave a voice mail saying, "I'm considering Joe Amazing for a very important position. If you think he's truly excellent, call me back. If not, don't call." If you get seven or more calls, you have the right person.
Speak well. I'll be honest with you--if you're a dullard, you could learn all the speaking techniques in the world and still be a terrible speaker. But assuming you're bright, here are a few keys to effective speaking: Keep it simple. Use anecdotes and metaphors where appropriate. Speak at a moderate pace and in your most pleasing tone of voice. (Try different parts of your vocal range in a tape recorder. Learn to use your favorite.) Do the same in everyday communication, but remember that the key to effective conversation is listening to what is said and what is not said. Also, watch for changes in body language. Listening well is much more difficult than people think. And it's crucial.
Develop an inspiring vision. You can develop an exciting vision for your employees, no matter how mundane the organization. Let's say you're heading the long-term-care division of an insurance brokerage. All but the most jaded employee would be inspired by your announcing: "We are going to ensure that all of our customers get the very best insurance at the very best price, which will give them the peace of mind and security they deserve, without breaking their budget. We're going to trumpet our excellence so we get more customers. And with all the money we're going to make, I'm going to ensure that you are all well paid. We'll even adopt a local school, and I'll give it 5 percent of my own salary. We are going to make a difference in our community." Throughout every moment of every day, live the realization of that vision. Work hard to follow through on implementing that vision, and celebrate little accomplishments along the way. Be generous with praise, cautious with criticism.
Fire fast. If quick efforts to remediate a bad employee don't work, fire the person quickly. A bad employee can infect the rest. To avoid lawsuits, try to counsel the person to leave voluntarily, offering to help the person find a position at which he or she might be more successful.
Prioritize decisiveness over inclusivity. The best managers know when to encourage team involvement in decision making and when to act unilaterally. Today's corporatethink too often emphasizes decision making by consensus. Usually, the result is a tepid idea that took a long time to generate. It's hard to get a bold idea that an entire group will agree on. Great leaders generally get a modest amount of input and then make bold decisions on their own.
Know just enough tech. You don't need to be an expert at information technology, accounting, or the science behind your product. In fact, acquiring high-level tech expertise is usually not a good use of a leader's time. You must simply know enough about these fields to be able to understand, ask questions, and then provide direction to those technical experts. Often, the best way to do that is what I call the "Hey, Joe" school. You simply call an internal or outside expert in those fields and say, "Hey, Joe, would you meet with me a couple of times to give me an overview of what I need to know about computer servers [or whatever]?"
Manage time. Constantly have a little voice asking, "Is this a wise use of my time?" Nothing is more important than making the most of your time: not a PDA, not a Day-Timer, not a filing system, not anything. Effective leaders don't rush, but they recognize that time is their most valuable commodity. And they're miserly with it. That means saying no or delegating a task when you could better use your time elsewhere. It also means that everything doesn't need to be done perfectly. Sometimes, good enough is good enough. (But you have to know when!)
Look good. Alas, we live in a shallow, beauty-obsessed society. So, if you don't look good, you start out with a strike or two against you. Fortunately, leaders are not expected to have Hollywood looks. But it's worth a bit of primping to persuade all those shallow folks to think of you as leaderly. Wear attractive suits in timeless designs. Choose moderate hairstyles and makeup. Tip: If you're on a budget, rather than buy cheap new clothes, shop at high-end thrift shops. That $500 suit can often be bought for 75 bucks.
Work long hours. I'd rather disappoint you with the truth than anesthetize you with lies. No matter what you may have heard from Oprah, success at the top generally requires you to work long and work smart. In addition to accomplishing more, working long hours provides a role model for your workers. If you want to work just 40 hours, fine, but don't expect to be a great leader. I know dozens, and their average workweek is 60-plus hours. But there's a big payoff: Being an effective, beloved leader of an important enterprise is one of the best ways to feel that you live a meaningful life.